Diagnosis of Vitiligo

Overview

Causes

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

Complications

Clinical Diagnosis of Vitiligo

Vitiligo is primarily diagnosed based on its characteristic appearance. A detailed patient history and physical examination are crucial. Questions about family history, autoimmune conditions, and possible triggering events are important for diagnosis.

Diagnostic Tools

  • Wood’s Lamp: This ultraviolet (UV) lamp enhances the visibility of vitiligo patches, making it easier to distinguish from other conditions.
  • Dermoscopy: This tool provides a magnified view of the skin, revealing specific patterns associated with vitiligo.
  • Skin Biopsy: In uncertain cases, a biopsy may be performed. Histological examination typically shows an absence of melanocytes in affected areas.
  • Blood Tests: These are used to check for associated autoimmune diseases, such as thyroid dysfunction or vitamin B12 deficiency.

Types of Vitiligo

Non-Segmental Vitiligo

The most common form, non-segmental vitiligo, appears symmetrically on both sides of the body. It often affects areas such as:

  • Backs of the hands
  • Arms
  • Around body openings (eyes, mouth)
  • Knees and elbows
  • Segmental Vitiligo

Less common, segmental vitiligo typically appears on one side of the body and progresses for a limited time before stabilizing. It is often seen in younger individuals.

Universal Vitiligo

A rare form where vitiligo affects nearly all skin surfaces.

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