Clinical Diagnosis of Vitiligo
Vitiligo is primarily diagnosed based on its characteristic appearance. A detailed patient history and physical examination are crucial. Questions about family history, autoimmune conditions, and possible triggering events are important for diagnosis.
Diagnostic Tools
- Wood’s Lamp: This ultraviolet (UV) lamp enhances the visibility of vitiligo patches, making it easier to distinguish from other conditions.
- Dermoscopy: This tool provides a magnified view of the skin, revealing specific patterns associated with vitiligo.
- Skin Biopsy: In uncertain cases, a biopsy may be performed. Histological examination typically shows an absence of melanocytes in affected areas.
- Blood Tests: These are used to check for associated autoimmune diseases, such as thyroid dysfunction or vitamin B12 deficiency.
Types of Vitiligo
Non-Segmental Vitiligo
The most common form, non-segmental vitiligo, appears symmetrically on both sides of the body. It often affects areas such as:
- Backs of the hands
- Arms
- Around body openings (eyes, mouth)
- Knees and elbows
- Segmental Vitiligo
Less common, segmental vitiligo typically appears on one side of the body and progresses for a limited time before stabilizing. It is often seen in younger individuals.
Universal Vitiligo
A rare form where vitiligo affects nearly all skin surfaces.
