Vitiligo results from the loss or destruction of melanocytes. Several factors contribute to the condition, including genetic, environmental, and autoimmune components:
- Genetic Factors: Vitiligo follows a polygenic inheritance pattern. There is a 23% concordance rate in monozygotic twins, indicating a significant genetic component.
- Autoimmune Factors: The immune system attacks melanocytes, leading to their destruction. Vitiligo is associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes mellitus.
- Environmental Factors: Triggers like severe sunburn, skin trauma, and stress can precipitate vitiligo.
