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ComplicationsDiscoid lupus erythematosus Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications Complications of DLE include symptom flare-ups, which can exacerbate the condition for several weeks before settling into remission. While the exact triggers for flare-ups remain unknown, prompt management is essential to …

TreatmentDiscoid lupus erythematosus Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications Treatment of DLE involves both general and specific measures. General measures include sun protection, smoking cessation, and vitamin D supplementation. Local therapy often includes potent or ultrapotent topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, …

DiagnosisDiscoid lupus erythematosus Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications Diagnosis of DLE involves a thorough examination of the distribution and clinical appearance of plaques, often confirmed via skin biopsy. Features observed in biopsy specimens can vary depending on the stage …

SymptomsDiscoid lupus erythematosus Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications The clinical features of localized DLE include the evolution of dry red patches into red plaques with adherent scale, often accompanied by follicular hyperkeratosis. As DLE progresses, atrophic scarring and scarring …

CausesDiscoid lupus erythematosus Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications The causes of DLE are both endogenous and exogenous. Endogenous factors involve genetic predisposition, particularly major histocompatibility complex alleles HLA-DQA1 and DRB1, and certain genetic polymorphisms associated with cytokine regulation. Exogenous …

OverviewDiscoid lupus erythematosus Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic scarring skin condition and the most common form of cutaneous lupus. It is characterized by persistent scaly plaques on the scalp, face, and ears, …

SymptomsDiscoid eczema Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Symptoms manifest as distinctive circular or oval patches, typically excluding the face or scalp, initially appearing as small spots or bumps that coalesce into larger patches, ranging from millimeters to centimeters in size. …

TreatmentDiscoid eczema Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Treatment strategies for discoid eczema aim to restore skin barrier function and manage inflammation. Protective measures to prevent skin injury, frequent application of emollients, and avoidance of allergens are fundamental. Anti-inflammatory interventions include …

DiagnosisDiscoid eczema Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Diagnosis of discoid eczema primarily relies on clinical examination by a healthcare professional. Bacterial swabs may reveal colonization or infection with Staphylococcus aureus, and scrapings are often obtained for mycology to differentiate from …

CausesDiscoid eczema Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment The causes of discoid eczema include an unknown etiology, although dry skin may contribute to its development. There may be an association with Staphylococcus aureus infection. Precipitating factors can include localized injury such …