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ComplicationsDiscoid lupus erythematosus Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications Complications of DLE include symptom flare-ups, which can exacerbate the condition for several weeks before settling into remission. While the exact triggers for flare-ups remain unknown, prompt management is essential to …

Aftercare Body Piercing Overview Contraindications Regulations Procedures Aftercare Potential complications After the procedure, individuals should avoid public swimming pools and spas to minimize infection risk. Contact with the piercing site should be limited to cleaning, which should be performed once …

Potential complications Body Piercing Overview Contraindications Regulations Procedures Aftercare Potential complications Immediate Complications Bleeding: Varies from minutes (earlobe) to days (genitals) to stop. Pain: Often experienced as local anesthesia is rarely used. Nausea: Can result from pain. Cutaneous Adverse Effects …

TreatmentDiscoid lupus erythematosus Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications Treatment of DLE involves both general and specific measures. General measures include sun protection, smoking cessation, and vitamin D supplementation. Local therapy often includes potent or ultrapotent topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, …

DiagnosisDiscoid lupus erythematosus Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications Diagnosis of DLE involves a thorough examination of the distribution and clinical appearance of plaques, often confirmed via skin biopsy. Features observed in biopsy specimens can vary depending on the stage …

SymptomsDiscoid lupus erythematosus Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications The clinical features of localized DLE include the evolution of dry red patches into red plaques with adherent scale, often accompanied by follicular hyperkeratosis. As DLE progresses, atrophic scarring and scarring …

CausesDiscoid lupus erythematosus Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications The causes of DLE are both endogenous and exogenous. Endogenous factors involve genetic predisposition, particularly major histocompatibility complex alleles HLA-DQA1 and DRB1, and certain genetic polymorphisms associated with cytokine regulation. Exogenous …

OverviewDiscoid lupus erythematosus Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic scarring skin condition and the most common form of cutaneous lupus. It is characterized by persistent scaly plaques on the scalp, face, and ears, …

SymptomsDiscoid eczema Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Symptoms manifest as distinctive circular or oval patches, typically excluding the face or scalp, initially appearing as small spots or bumps that coalesce into larger patches, ranging from millimeters to centimeters in size. …

Treatment Alopecia areata Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Topical Treatments Corticosteroids: Applied directly to the bald patches to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response. These are most effective for small patches of hair loss. Minoxidil: Over-the-counter medication that can …

Diagnosis Alopecia areata Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Diagnostic Methods Alopecia areata is primarily diagnosed based on clinical features. Dermatologists may perform a detailed examination of the scalp and other affected areas. Diagnostic tools include: Trichoscopy: Examination of hair and …