The precise cause of Yellow Nail Syndrome is unknown, and it often arises sporadically without a clear reason. However, it can also be associated with genetic factors, such as mutations in the FOXC2 gene, which is linked to lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome. Other theories suggest that YNS results from lymphatic system dysfunction, leading to improper fluid drainage and accumulation in the soft tissues, causing the nails to turn yellow. Additionally, YNS can occur in conjunction with conditions such as autoimmune diseases, cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid diseases, and nephrotic syndrome.
- Genetic Factors: Some researchers believe that YNS may be linked to genetic mutations, particularly in the FOXC2 gene. This gene mutation is known to cause lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome, which shares similar symptoms with YNS. However, more research is needed to confirm this genetic connection.
- Lymphatic Dysfunction: A prevalent theory is that YNS is related to issues with lymphatic drainage. When the lymphatic system does not function properly, it can lead to fluid accumulation in the soft tissues under the skin, which may turn the nails yellow.
- Associated Conditions: YNS can develop on its own or occur with certain types of cancers, autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, and immunodeficiencies. In some cases, the lymphatic abnormality may be congenital (occur during development), but in most, it is probably related to other associated conditions.
