Causes
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Immune System Dysfunction
Alopecia areata is primarily driven by an autoimmune response, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles. This immune response causes inflammation around the hair follicles, disrupting the hair growth cycle and leading to hair loss. The precise mechanism is not entirely understood, but it involves a loss of “immune privilege” in the hair follicles, making them vulnerable to immune system attacks.
Genetic Factors
Genetics play a significant role in the development of alopecia areata. Research has identified various genes associated with the condition, many of which are involved in the immune system’s function. Individuals with a family history of alopecia areata or other autoimmune diseases are at a higher risk of developing the condition.
Environmental Triggers
While genetic predisposition is crucial, environmental factors such as stress, infections, or other immune system activators may trigger the onset of alopecia areata in genetically susceptible individuals. However, these triggers are not always identifiable, and their exact role in the onset of the disease remains unclear.
