Overview
Botulinum Toxin
What is Botulinum Toxin?
Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is most commonly known for its ability to temporarily paralyze muscles, thereby reducing the appearance of wrinkles and treating various medical conditions. The name “botulinum” is derived from the Latin word “botulus,” meaning sausage, as the toxin was initially linked to foodborne illnesses from improperly handled meat products.
Mechanism of Action
How Botulinum Toxin Works
Botulinum toxin types A and B block the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter necessary for muscle contraction, at the neuromuscular junction. By inhibiting acetylcholine, botulinum toxin effectively causes temporary muscle paralysis. This paralysis typically begins within a few days after injection, peaking at around two weeks.
Targeting SNARE Proteins
Botulinum toxins target SNARE proteins (soluble NSF attachment protein receptor) involved in neurotransmitter release. By preventing the fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with the cell membrane, botulinum toxins inhibit not only muscle contraction but also the release of other neurotransmitters, thereby reducing pain and other symptoms.
