Complications
Acne Keloidalis Nuchae
Diagnosis
Treatment
Scarring
Scarring is a significant complication of AKN. Scars can become large and raised, leading to hair loss in the affected areas. Advanced cases may involve:
- Hypertrophic Scars: Thickened scars that are raised above the skin level.
- Keloids: Large, raised scars that can be painful.
- Sinus Tracts: Tunnels under the skin that can leak pus.
Secondary Infections
Scratching and secondary bacterial infections (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) are common complications, leading to pus-filled bumps and further scarring.
Psychological Impact
AKN can have a significant psychological impact, causing anxiety, stress, and reduced self-esteem due to the appearance of the skin and potential scarring.
Maintenance Therapy
After completing treatment, maintenance therapy is often recommended to keep AKN from worsening and maintain treatment results. This can include:
- Washing the back of the neck and scalp with a gentle cleanser containing benzoyl peroxide.
- Applying medication to the treated areas to prevent recurrence.
Long-term Management
In some cases, advanced treatments like low-dose radiation therapy may be considered to kill hair follicles in the affected area, which can help shrink keloid-like growths. However, due to potential long-term side effects, this option is only considered when other treatments fail.
Research and Emerging Treatments
Ongoing research is exploring new treatment options, including:
- Laser Therapy: Using laser to reduce scars and hair follicles.
- Phototherapy: Light-based treatments to improve skin condition.
- Radiotherapy: Low-dose radiation to target resistant cases.
- Laser Hair Removal: Preventing new folliculitis by reducing hair growth.
Conclusion
Folliculitis keloidalis is a challenging condition that requires early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment to prevent progression and manage symptoms effectively. Ongoing research and advancements in treatment options offer hope for better management and outcomes for those affected by this condition. Regular follow-ups and maintenance therapy are essential to keep the condition stable and prevent recurrence.
References
American Academy of Dermatology. (2023). Acne Keloidalis Nuchae. Retrieved from https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/dermatitis/acne-keloidalis-nuchae.
Cleveland Clinic. (2023). Acne Keloidalis Nuchae: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21647-acne-keloidalis-nuchae.
DermNet. (2023). Folliculitis keloidalis nuchae. Retrieved from https://dermnetnz.org/topics/folliculitis-keloidalis-nuchae.
